At their most basic level, model railroad layouts are simple circles and ovals that would fit onto a 4x6 sheet of plywood.

These simple track layouts are easy to set up and relatively inexpensive, but they aren't really very realistic. After all, with the exception of kids' rides at the amusement park, how many trains have you ever seen that just go around in circles?

The Point-to-Point Layout

Real railroads go from one place to another place. They may have sidings, branch lines, and other subsidiary systems, but the main line starts at one point, travels to another point, and stops.

Trains are turned around at terminals by means of extensive yards, wyes, loops, and turntables, but the main line, whether double-track or single-track, goes from point to point. There are switches and yards at one end, and a turnaround of some sort at the other.

Despite the point-to-point model railroad's resemblance to real railroad lines, it is'nt very successful on a model railroad.

True, in some very large model systems the point-to-point plan has been used, but in most cases the model railroad cannot possibly approximate the distance traveled by a real railroad.

If you had the entire Madison Square Garden for your layout, you still wouldn't be able to duplicate, in scale mileage, a reasonable point-to-point railroad. In normal model railroads, the train hardly leaves one terminal before it has arrived at the end of the line.

No time is allowed for switching operations at the terminals for freight trains to perform their normal functions, while the express is speeding from terminal to terminal.

In a good-sized layout, scenery can handle part of this problem. The express can rush into a tunnel, where the operator stops it. He then carries on other railroad business to his heart's content and, when it is completed, makes his express rush out of the other end of the tunnel as if it had been traveling hundreds of miles all the time.

A small layout, however, cannot adopt even this illusion because a small railway has no room for two genuine terminals.

The Out-and-Home Layout

The out-and-home layout solves part of this problem - it has only one terminal. This is really a point-to-point system doubled back on itself.

You have a terminal. You send the train out and it travels through farmland and forest, through villages and mountains, and finally arrives at a terminal. It just happens to be the same terminal it started from, but you can easily pretend that it isn't.

This system gives you a little more mileage between terminals than the point-to- point system, but in most model railroads the train arrives back home before you have been able to do much, unless you use the tunnel or other method of hiding the train that is supposed to be traveling.

While more adaptable to model railroads than point-to-point, it still presents many problems except on very large layouts.

Both point-to-point and out-and-home layouts can be combined with continuous pikes, in large layouts, to offer variety and realismand this is precisely the procedure used by experienced model railroaders with plenty of space.

For the vast majority, however, the continuous layout is not only best but also essential for interesting and varied train movements. With a clever use of buildings and scenery it can also create the many little deceptions that bring a realistic flavor to the operation of your railroad.